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Handbook on indirect refrigeration and heat pump systems
VATIS UPDATE Part
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Indirect systems have come into focus because of requirements governing tighter constructions in order to minimize refrigerant leakage from plants as well as changing legislation implemented in order to achieve the phasing out of various types of CFC, HCFC and high-GWP refrigerants.

The Handbook on indirect systems was published in Swedish in 2010 in cooperation with over twenty companies and experts and an English translation has been prepared by the IIR. An expectation of all involved in producing the Handbook is that it will help to better understand and work with indirect systems.